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思政篇

习近平总书记教育重要论述讲义

Understanding Xi Jinping’s Educational Philosophy

以教育公平促进社会公平正义。“治天下也，必先公，公则天下平矣。”公平正义是人类社会的共同理想。社会主义社会为实现公平正义开辟了广阔的道路。教育公平是促进社会公平正义的重要基础。要努力办好公平而有质量的教育，大力提高全体国民的素质，为每个人提供人生出彩的机会。1. 教育公平是社会公平的重要基础。这一论断明确了教育公平与社会公平的内在联系，指明了教育公平对促进社会公平的重大意义。2. 办好公平而有质量的教育，大力提高国民素质。习近平总书记多次强调，要努力让每个孩子都能享有公平而有质量的教育。教育公平和教育质量是有机统一的整体，公平是有质量的公平，质量是充分体现公平的质量。3. 让每个人都有人生出彩的机会。社会主义社会人人享有平等的受教育权，生活在社会主义大家庭中的每个人，都有通过接受各类教育而获得人生出彩的机会。要帮助人民群众提高身体素质、文化素质、就业能力，打开孩子们通过学习改变命运、青壮年通过多渠道就业改变命运的扎实通道，为他们实现人生出彩搭建舞台。

Social equity and justice through equal access to education. “To govern the country, we should prioritize equality; with equality, peace will prevail under heaven.” Social equity and justice are common ideals, which a socialist society provides opportunities to realize. Equal access to education is an important foundation for social equity and justice. We should provide fair and quality education, improve the education level of all the people, and provide everyone with the opportunity to excel. 1. The cornerstone of social equity: equal access to education. The remark indicates the connection between equal access to education and social equity and highlight the significance of the former in promoting the latter. 2. Facilitating equal access to good education and improving well-rounded development of the people. Xi Jinping has reiterated that we should see that each and every child has equal access to good education. Education equity and education quality are two things in unity. Equity must be based on quality, and quality must embody equity. 3. Opportunities for all to excel. Everyone in a socialist country expects to enjoy equal rights to education, and to pursue excellence through various types of education. We should help them improve their physique, enrich their knowledge, and raise their employability. We should provide opportunities for children to have a better future through learning, and for the young and the middle-aged to find suitable jobs, so that they can live a decent life.

习言习语 Quote from Xi Jinping

要加大对农村地区、民族地区、贫困地区职业教育支持力度，努力让每个人都有人生出彩的机会。

—2014年6月23日，习近平总书记就加快发展职业教育作出重要指示

We should increase the support for technical and vocational education in rural, poor, and ethnic minority areas, and give everyone the chance to pursue excellence in life.

—Speech on accelerating the development of technical and vocational education, June 23, 2014

参考文献：

本书编写组，2023，《习近平总书记教育重要论述讲义》，北京：高等教育出版社。

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传统文化篇

冒雪侍立在程颐（1033—1107）门外。立雪：站在雪地里。北宋时，有个叫杨时（1053—1135）的人，他和朋友游酢（1053— 1123）一同去著名学者程颐家里请教问题。程颐正在午睡。为了不打扰老师，两人冒着大雪，恭敬地在门外等候，积雪达一尺厚。程颐醒来，深受感动，悉心指导杨时，杨时最终学有所成。这个故事树立了员工诚心求教、尊敬老师的榜样。

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Yang Shi (1053—1135), together with his friend You Zuo (1053—1123), went to visit the renowned scholar Cheng Yi (1033—1107) to seek his answer to some questions they had. Cheng was having a nap. Not to disturb him, they waited outside the gate, standing in heavy snowfall. When Cheng woke up, he was deeply moved and gave detailed answers to Yang Shi’s questions. Yang later became a great scholar. This story urges students to learn from their teachers respectfully.

引例 Citation:

◢一日见颐，颐偶瞑坐，时与游酢侍立不去。颐既觉，则门外雪深一尺矣。（《宋史·杨时传》）

（一天，杨时去拜见程颐，程颐正好在午睡。杨时和游酢一直侍立在门外，等程颐醒来，门外的积雪已经有一尺深了。）

One day Yang Shi went to see Cheng Yi. The latter happened to be taking a nap, so Yang Shi and his companion You Zuo stood outside and waited. When Cheng woke up, the snow outside his gate was already quite deep. (The History of the Song Dynasty)

参考文献：

中华思想文化术语编委会，2021，《中华思想文化关键词365》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。

〇 Exercise

Which of the following best explains the origin of the idiom “程门立雪”?

A) It comes from a story about a student standing in the snow outside his teacher’s door to show respect and wait for a chance to learn.

B) It refers to a student who traveled through snow to attend a lecture.

C) It describes a teacher who stood in the snow to teach his students.

D) It is about a student who studied in the snow to prove his dedication.

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典籍翻译篇

《达生》篇用十一个寓言故事揭示了人与自然和谐共处的古老智慧。从疴偻承蜩“用志不分”的凝神之境，到梓庆削鐻时“齐以静心”的物我相忘，这些故事都在说明真正的“达生”不在于征服自然，而在于形神统一中与天地共鸣。吕梁泳者与激流的共舞展现了适应自然而非对抗的生存哲学。文中“忘适之适”的深意正是对现代生态危机的启示：只有消解“人定胜天”的傲慢，在专注与敬畏中找回与自然共生的节奏，才是真正的生命通达。

The chapter “The Full Understanding of Life” unveils ancient wisdom on human-nature harmony through eleven parables. From the hunchback cicada-catcher’s state of “concentrated spirit” to Qing’s carving in "fasting to compose the mind" and losing awareness of self and object, these stories reveal that true “the full understanding of life” lies not in conquering nature, but in resonating with heaven and earth through unity of body and spirit. the swimmer’s dance with torrents at the gorge of Lu, exemplify the philosophy of adapting to nature rather than opposing it. The profound concept of “forgetting all about what is fitting” offers enlightenment for modern ecological crises: only by dissolving the arrogance of “man’s triumph over nature” and rediscovering nature’s rhythm through focused reverence, can we achieve genuine life fulfillment.

引例 Citation:

◢纪渻子为王养斗鸡。十日而问：“鸡已乎？”曰：“未也。方虚憍而恃气。”十日又问。曰：“未也，犹应向景。”十日又问。曰：“未也，犹疾视而盛气。”十日又问。曰：“几矣。鸡虽有鸣者，已无变矣，望之似木鸡矣，其德全矣，异鸡无敢应者，反走矣。”（《庄子·达生》）

（纪渻子替周宣王养斗鸡十天就问：“鸡可以斗了吗?”回说：“不行，还骄昂而恃气。”十天又问，回说：“不行，听到声音见到影像就起回应。”十天又问，回说：“不行，还怒视而盛气。”十天又问，回说：“差不多了。别的鸡虽然鸣叫，它已经不为所动了，看起来像只木鸡，它精神凝寂，其他的鸡不敢应战，见到回头就走了。”）

Ji Xing-zi was rearing a fighting-cock for the king. Being asked after ten days if the bird were ready, he said, “Not yet; he is still vain and quarrelsome, and relies on his own vigour.” Being asked the same after other ten days, he said, “Not yet; he still responds to the crow and the appearance of another bird.” After ten days more, he replied, “Not yet. He still looks angrily, and is full of spirit.” When a fourth ten days had passed, he replied to the question, “Nearly so. Though another crock crows, it makes no change in him. To look at him, you would say he was a cock of wood. His quality is complete. No other cock will dare to meet him, but will run from him.”

(The Writings of Kwang-tsze. The Full Understanding of Life)

参考文献：

陈鼓应，2016，《庄子今注今译》（上下册），北京：商务印书馆。

Legge,James, The Writings of Kwang-tsze, London: Oxford University Press Warehouse, 1891

〇 Exercise

请结合引例中“纪渻子养斗鸡”的故事，翻译“呆若木鸡”这一成语。